Major Rock Edict

Girnar

Major Rock Edict II (Girnar)

(A) Everywhere in the dominions of king Devānaṁpriya Priyadarśin, and likewise among (his) borderers, such as the Coḍas, the Pāṇḍyas, the Satiyaputa, the Ketalaputa, even Tāmraparṇī, the Yona king Antiyaka, and also the kings who are the neighbours of this Antiyaka, — everywhere …

Location
Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the ben…, Gujarat, India
Date
c. 260–250 BCE
Script
Brahmi
Language
Prakrit
Type
Major Rock Edict
Coordinates
21.5167° N, 70.4667° E

Overview

Girnar Discovery Story Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the benefit of pilgrims to the hill, which is one of the most sacred places venerated by the Jains. He described it as a huge hemispherical mass of dark granite, which, like a wart upon the body, has protruded through the crust of mother earth, without fissure or inequality, and which, by the aid of the ‘iron pen,’ has been converted into a book. Tod was a famous Rajasthan annalist and army antiquarian of the East India Company. His reaction to Girnār was written before the Brahmi script had been deciphered. His account is arresting for the recognition that the edict is both monument and inscription, an ancient rock transformed to a monument by the writing on it. The measurement of its arc is nearly ninety feet; its surface is divided into compartments or parallelograms, within which are inscriptions in the usual antique character. The way in which the Girnār edicts were inscribed on a sin…

Girnar site view
Girnar

Location

The Inscription

Original Text

1 (A) sarvata vijitamhi Devānaṁpriyasa Piyadasino rāño
2 evamapi pracaṁtesu yathā Coḍā Pāḍā Satiyaputo Ketalaputo ā Taṁba-
3 paṁṇī Aṁtiyako Yona-rājā ye vā pi tasa Aṁtiy[a]kas[a] sāmīp[aṁ]
4 rājāno sarvatra Devānaṁpriyasa Priyadasino rāño dve cikīcha katā
5 manusa-cikīchā ca pasu-cikīchā ca (B) osuḍhāni ca yāni m[a]nusopagān[i] ca
6 paso[pa]gāni ca yata nāsti sarvatrā hārāpitāni ca ropāpitāni ca
7 (C) mūlāni ca phalāni ca yata yatra nasti sarvata hārāpitāni ca rop[ā]pitāni ca
8 (D) paṁthesū kūpā ca khānāpitā vrachā ca ropapit[a] paribhogāya pasu- manusānaṁ

Translation

(A) Everywhere in the dominions of king Devānaṁpriya Priyadarśin, and likewise among (his) borderers, such as the Coḍas, the Pāṇḍyas, the Satiyaputa, the Ketalaputa, even Tāmraparṇī, the Yona king Antiyaka, and also the kings who are the neighbours of this Antiyaka, — everywhere two (kinds of) medical treatment were established by king Devānaṁpriya Priyadarśin, (viz.) medical treatment for men and medical treatment for cattle.
(B) And wherever there were no herbs that are beneficial to men and beneficial to cattle, everywhere they were caused to be imported and to be planted.
(C) Wherever there were no roots and fruits, everywhere they were caused to be imported and to be planted.
(D) On the roads wells were caused to be dug, and trees were caused to be planted for the use of cattle and men.