Major Rock Edict

Dhauli

Major Rock Edict - VI (Dhauli)

(A) King Devānaṁpriya Priyadarśin speaks thus. (B) In times past neither the disposal of affairs nor the submission of reports at all times did exist before. (C) But I have made (the following arrangement). (D) Reporters have to report to me the affairs of the people at any time …

Location
A first reading of some initial words was published by Prinsep 1837a: 471. Kittoe gave his report in 1838a: 435: “I had the good fortune to discover by the merest accident: a byragí priest, native of Mirzapoor near Benares having described it to me; such, however, is the aversion…, Odisha, India
Date
c. 260–250 BCE
Script
Brahmi
Language
Prakrit
Type
Major Rock Edict
Coordinates
20.1833° N, 85.8333° E

Overview

Discovery of Dhauli 1. Asokan Sites and Artefacts - Harry Falk Page-113-114 Discovery: A first reading of some initial words was published by Prinsep 1837a: 471. Kittoe gave his report in 1838a: 435: “I had the good fortune to discover by the merest accident: a byragí priest, native of Mirzapoor near Benares having described it to me; such, however, is the aversion the Ooriyahs have, to our going near their places of worship, that I was actually decoyed away from the spot, when within a few yards of it, being assured that there was no such place,and had returned for a mile or more, when I met with a man who led me back to the spot by torch-light. I set fire to the jangal and perceived the inscription which was completely hidden by it.” Later, Kittoe went to the rock “before day-break and had to wait till it was light; for the two bear cubs which escaped me there last year,when I killed the old bear, were now full grown and disputed the ground” (1838b: 684). Today, all memory of bears once living in this area is gone. Kittoe (1838a: 451) reported an old name asvastama for the rocks with the inscriptions, but today nothing similar to asvastama has any meaning to the local population…

Dhauli site view
Dhauli

Location

The Inscription

Original Text

1 (A) Dev[ānaṁp]iye Pi[yada]sī lājā [he]vaṁ [ā]hā (B) atikaṁ[taṁ a]ṁ[ta]laṁ no [h]ū[ta]-puluve s[a]vaṁ kālaṁ aṭha-ka[ṁ]me va [pa]ṭiveda[n]ā va (C) se mamayā kaṭe (D) sa[va]ṁ [kālaṁ] . . . [māna]sa me
2 aṁte olodh[a]nasi ga[bhā]g[āla]si v[acas]i [v]inītasi [u]y[ā]n[asi ca sa]vata paṭivedakā janasa aṭhaṁ [pa]ṭived[a]yaṁtu m[e] ti (E) sava[ta] c[a] j[a]nasa aṭhaṁ kalāmi h[aka]ṁ
3 (F) aṁ pi ca ki[ṁ]chi mukh[a]te ānapay[ā]mi dāpakaṁ v[ā sā]v[a]kaṁ vā e va mahaṁ[āteh]i atiyāyike ālopite hoṭī tasi aṭhasi v[i]vāde va [n]ijhatī va saṁtaṁ palisāyā
4 āna[ṁ]taliyaṁ paṭi[ve]detav[i]y[e] me ti savata savaṁ kālaṁ (G) heva[ṁ] me anusathe (H) nath[i hi m]e [tos]e u[ṭhāna]si aṭha-saṁtīlanāya cha (I) kaṭaviya-m[at]e hi me sava-loka-hite
5 (J) tasa ca pana iyaṁ mūle [u]thān[e ca a]ṭha-saṁtīl[a]n[ā] ca (K) nathi hi kaṁmata . . [sa]va-lo[ka]-hitena (L) [aṁ] c[a kichi] p[a]lakamāmi hakaṁ kiṁti bhūtānaṁ ā[na]niyaṁ yeha[ṁ] ti
6 [h]i[da] ca [k]āni[ṁ] sukhayāmi pal[a]ta ca svag[aṁ āl]ādhayaṁtū ti (M) et[ā]y[e aṭhāya i]yaṁ dhaṁma-lipī likhitā c[i]la-ṭh[i]tikā hotu ta[th]ā ca putā papotā me palakama[ṁ]t[ū]
7 [sava-loka]-hitāye (N) dukale cu iyaṁ aṁnat[a] a[g]en[a pa]lakamena

Translation

(A) King Devānaṁpriya Priyadarśin speaks thus.
(B) In times past neither the disposal of affairs nor the submission of reports at all times did exist before.
(C) But I have made (the following arrangement).
(D) Reporters have to report to me the affairs of the people at any time (and) anywhere, while I am [eating], within the harem, in the inner apartment, at the cowpen, in the palanquin, and in the park.
(E) And everywhere I am disposing of the affairs of the people.
(F) And also, if in the council (of Mahāmātras) a dispute arises, or an amendment is moved, in connexion with any donation or proclamation which I am ordering verbally, or (in connexion with) an emergent matter which has been delegated to the Mahāmātras, it must be reported to me immediately, anywhere, (and) at any time.
(G) Thus I have ordered.
(H) For I am never satisfied in exerting myself and in dispatching business.
(I) For I consider it my duty (to promote) the welfare of all men.
(J) But the root of that (is) this, (viz.) exertion and the dispatch of business.
(K) For no duty is more important than (promoting) the welfare of all men.
(L) And whatever effort I am making, (is made) in order that I may discharge the debt (which I owe) to living beings, (that) I may make them happy in this (world), and (that) they may attain heaven in the other (world).
(M) For the following purpose has this rescript on morality been written, (viz. that) it may be of long duration, and (that) my sons (and) great-grandsons may display the same zeal for the welfare of all men.
(N) But it is difficult to accomplish this without great zeal.