Major Rock Edict

Girnar

Major Rock Edict VI (Girnar)

(A) King Devānāṁpriya Priyadarśin speaks thus. (B) In times past neither the disposal of affairs nor the submission of reports at any time did exist before. (C) But I have made the following (arrangement). (D) Reporters are posted everywhere, (with instructions) to report to me t…

Location
Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the ben…, Gujarat, India
Date
c. 260–250 BCE
Script
Brahmi
Language
Prakrit
Type
Major Rock Edict
Coordinates
21.5167° N, 70.4667° E

Overview

Girnar Discovery Story Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the benefit of pilgrims to the hill, which is one of the most sacred places venerated by the Jains. He described it as a huge hemispherical mass of dark granite, which, like a wart upon the body, has protruded through the crust of mother earth, without fissure or inequality, and which, by the aid of the ‘iron pen,’ has been converted into a book. Tod was a famous Rajasthan annalist and army antiquarian of the East India Company. His reaction to Girnār was written before the Brahmi script had been deciphered. His account is arresting for the recognition that the edict is both monument and inscription, an ancient rock transformed to a monument by the writing on it. The measurement of its arc is nearly ninety feet; its surface is divided into compartments or parallelograms, within which are inscriptions in the usual antique character. The way in which the Girnār edicts were inscribed on a sin…

Girnar site view
Girnar

Location

The Inscription

Original Text

1 (A) [Devā] . . . . . . . . . [s]i rājā evaṁ āha (B) atikrāt[a]ṁ aṁtara[ṁ]
2 na bhūta-pru[v]...[s] . [v] . . . [l] . atha-kaṁme va paṭivedanā vā (C) ta mayā evaṁ kataṁ
3  (D) s[a]ve kāle bhuṁj[a]mānasa me orodhanamhi gabhāgāramhi vacamhi va
4  vinītamhi ca uyānesu ca savatra paṭivedakā sṭitā athe me [ja]nasa
5  paṭivedetha iti (E) sarvatra ca janasa athe karomi (F) ya ca kiṁci mukhato
6 āñapayāmi svayaṁ dāpakaṁ vā srāvāpakaṁ vā ya vā puna mahāmātresu
7  ācāyi[ke] aropitaṁ  bhavati tāya athāya vivādo nijhatī v[a s]aṁto parisāyaṁ
8 ānaṁtaraṁ paṭ[i]vedeta[v]yaṁ me sa[r]vatra sarve kāle (G) evaṁ mayā āñapitaṁ (H) nāsti  hi me to[s]o
9 usṭānamhi atha-saṁtīraṇāya va (I) katavya-mate hi me sa[rva]-loka-hitaṁ
10  (J) tasa ca puna esa mūle usṭānaṁ ca atha-saṁtīraṇā cha (K) nāsti hi kaṁmataraṁ
11 sarva-loka-hitatpā (L) ya ca kiṁci parākramāmi ahaṁ kiṁti bhūtānaṁ ānaṁṇaṁ gacheyaṁ
12 idha ca nāni sukhāpayāmi paratrā ca svagaṁ ārādhayaṁtu ta  (M) etāya athāya
13 ayaṁ dha[ṁ]ma-lipī lekhāpitā kiṁti ciraṁ tisṭeya iti tathā ca me putrā potā ca prapotrā ca
14 anuvataraṁ  sava-loka-hitāya (N) dukaraṁ [t]u idaṁ añatra  agena parākramena

Translation

(A) King Devānāṁpriya Priyadarśin speaks thus.
(B) In times past neither the disposal of affairs nor the submission of reports at any time did exist before.
(C) But I have made the following (arrangement).
(D) Reporters are posted everywhere, (with instructions) to report to me the affairs of the people at any time, while I am eating, in the harem, in the inner apartment, even at the cowpen, in the palanquin, and in the parks.
(E) And everywhere I am disposing of the affairs of the people.
(F) And if in the council (of Mahāmātras) a dispute arises, or an amendment is moved, in connexion with any donation or proclamation which I myself am ordering verbally, or (in connexion with) an emergent matter which has been delegated to the Mahāmātras, it must be reported to me immediately, anywhere, (and) at any time.
(G) Thus I have ordered.
(H) For I am never content in exerting myself and in dispatching business.
(I) For I consider it my duty (to promote) the welfare of all men.
(J) But the root of that (is) this, (viz.) exertion and the dispatch of business.
(K) For no duty is more important than (promoting) the welfare of all men.
(L) And whatever effort I am making, (is made) in order that I may discharge the debt (which I owe) to living beings, (that) I may make them happy in this (world), and (that) they may attain heaven in the other (world).
(M) For the following purpose has this rescript on morality been caused to be written, (viz.) that it may last long, and that my sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons may conform to this for the welfare of all men.
(N) But it is difficult to accomplish this without great zeal.