Major Rock Edict

Girnar

Major Rock Edict XI (Girnar)

(A) King Devānampriya Priyadarśīn speaks thus. (B) There is no such gift as the gift of morality, or acquaintance through morality, or the distribution of morality, or kinship through morality. (C) Herein the following are (comprised), (viz.) proper courtesy to slaves and servant…

Location
Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the ben…, Gujarat, India
Date
c. 260–250 BCE
Script
Brahmi
Language
Prakrit
Type
Major Rock Edict
Coordinates
21.5167° N, 70.4667° E

Overview

Girnar Discovery Story Major Lieutenant-Colonel James Tod, first visited Girnār in December 1822, at that time the inscription seems to have been intact. It probably had laid buried in dense forest and might never have come to light had not a local notable made a causeway through the jungle for the benefit of pilgrims to the hill, which is one of the most sacred places venerated by the Jains. He described it as a huge hemispherical mass of dark granite, which, like a wart upon the body, has protruded through the crust of mother earth, without fissure or inequality, and which, by the aid of the ‘iron pen,’ has been converted into a book. Tod was a famous Rajasthan annalist and army antiquarian of the East India Company. His reaction to Girnār was written before the Brahmi script had been deciphered. His account is arresting for the recognition that the edict is both monument and inscription, an ancient rock transformed to a monument by the writing on it. The measurement of its arc is nearly ninety feet; its surface is divided into compartments or parallelograms, within which are inscriptions in the usual antique character. The way in which the Girnār edicts were inscribed on a sin…

Girnar site view
Girnar

Location

The Inscription

Original Text

1 (A) Devanaṁpriyo Piyadasi rājā ev[a]ṁ āha (B) nāsti etārisaṁ dānaṁ yārisaṁ dhaṁma-dānaṁ dhaṁma-saṁstavo vā dhaṁma-saṁvibhāgo [vā] dhaṁma-saṁbadho va
2 (C) tata idaṁ bhavati dāsa-bhatakamhi samya-p[r]atipatī mātari pitarā sādhu sus[r]usā mita-[sa]stuta-ñātikānaṁ bāmhaṇa-s[r]amaṇā[naṁ] sādhu dā[naṁ]
3 prāṇānaṁ anāraṁbho sādhu (D) eta vatavyaṁ pitā va putrena va bhāt[ā] va mita-sastut[a]-ñāt[i]k[e]na va āva paṭīvesiyehi ida sādhu ida ka[tav]ya[ṁ]
4 (E) so t[a]thā karu ilokacasa āradho hoti parata ca aṁnaṁtaṁ puiñaṁ bhavati tena dhaṁma-dānena

Translation

(A) King Devānampriya Priyadarśīn speaks thus.
(B) There is no such gift as the gift of morality, or acquaintance through morality, or the distribution of morality, or kinship through morality.
(C) Herein the following are (comprised), (viz.) proper courtesy to slaves and servants, obedience to mother (and) father, liberality to friends, acquaintances, and relatives, to Brāhmaṇas and Śramanas, (and) abstention from killing animals.
(D) Concerning this a father, or a son, or a brother, or a friend, an acquaintance, or a relative, (or) even (mere) neighbours, ought to say: ‘This is meritorious. This ought to be done.’
(E) If one is acting thus, the attainment of (happiness) in this world is (secured), and endless merit is produced in the other (world) by that gift of morality.